Psychologists and psychiatrists at Shier Private Practice, in Scottsdale, AZ specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia. Our private outpatient clinic offers a comprehensive psychiatric/medical assessment and treatment plan. Treatment may include medications, behavioral therapies or a combination of treatments.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is characterized by episodes of psychosis, where individuals may experience hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Schizophrenia typically emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood and requires long-term management.

Schizophrenia symptoms are classified into three main categories: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.

Positive Symptoms (Psychotic Symptoms)

These symptoms involve distortions in thinking and perception:

• Hallucinations – Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that aren’t there (most commonly hearing voices).
• Delusions – Strongly held false beliefs, such as paranoia or grandiosity.
• Disorganized Thinking – Trouble organizing thoughts, speaking in a confusing or incoherent way.
• Abnormal Motor Behavior – Unpredictable or inappropriate movements, from agitation to catatonia.

Negative Symptoms (Loss of Function)

These symptoms reflect a lack of normal emotions and behaviors:

• Social withdrawal – Avoiding interactions with others.
• Lack of motivation – Difficulty starting or completing tasks.
• Blunted affect – Reduced facial expressions and emotional response.
• Reduced speech – Minimal speaking, known as alogia.
• Neglect of personal hygiene – Decreased interest in self-care.

Cognitive Symptoms

Cognitive impairments can affect daily functioning:

• Poor concentration and memory – Trouble focusing or remembering information.
• Impaired decision-making – Difficulty processing information or making logical decisions.
• Lack of insight – Often unaware of their condition or need for treatment.

The exact cause of schizophrenia is unknown, but research suggests a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors:

• Genetics – Having a family history increases the risk.
• Brain Chemistry and Structure – Imbalances in neurotransmitters (dopamine and glutamate) may contribute.
• Prenatal and Early Life Factors – Complications during pregnancy or birth, infections, or malnutrition may play a role.
• Environmental Triggers – Stress, trauma, and drug use (especially cannabis or hallucinogens) may contribute to onset.

Without proper treatment, schizophrenia can lead to severe impairment in daily life, including:

• Inability to maintain employment or relationships
• Homelessness or social isolation
• Increased risk of substance abuse
• Higher risk of suicide or self-harm
• Legal issues due to impulsive or misunderstood behavior

A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, including medical history, symptom assessment, and sometimes brain imaging or lab tests, is essential for diagnosing schizophrenia.

Treatment Options

• Medications – Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment and help manage symptoms. Newer atypical antipsychotics have fewer side effects than older drugs.
• Psychotherapy – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and psychoeducation can help patients manage symptoms and improve daily functioning.
• Social and Vocational Support – Life skills training, employment programs, and supported housing can improve independence.
• Hospitalization – In severe cases, inpatient treatment may be necessary for stabilization.

While schizophrenia is a lifelong condition, proper treatment can help individuals manage symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.

In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle changes and support systems can improve quality of life:

1. Medication Adherence – Consistently taking prescribed medication is crucial.
2. Structured Routine – A stable daily schedule helps reduce stress.
3. Healthy Lifestyle – Proper diet, sleep, and regular physical activity can support mental health.
4. Avoid Substance Use – Drugs and alcohol can worsen symptoms and interfere with treatment.
5. Social Connections – Engaging with family, friends, or support groups can prevent isolation.
6. Stress Management – Mindfulness, meditation, and relaxation techniques can help reduce anxiety.

Last update: February 12, 2025

The content on this website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.